AFTB lecture notes - Acute Pulmonary Oedema (APO)
DIAGNOSIS
Acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) spectrum can be divided for therapeutic management into:
Dyspnoea + /- congestion with elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg, usually with abrupt onset APO (most frequent type)
Dyspnoea + /- congestion with normal SBP 100-140 mmHg, usually with [...]
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AFTB lecture notes - Aortic Dissection
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Incidence: 3 cases per 100 000 people per year; up to 25% missed diagnosis ante-mortem. ‘Typical’ case 60-80 years old M>F. Overall in-hospital mortality 27%.
Risk factors:
Inherited disease (especially younger patients < 40 yrs) - Marfan’s syndrome (fibrillin gene mutations), Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV (collagen defects), Turner syndrome, annulo- [...]
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AFTB lecture notes - Venous Thromboembolism
AETIOLOGY: Venous Thromboembolism
Acute provoking risk factors: hospitalisation, surgery, trauma or fracture of lower limbs or pelvis, immobilisation incl plaster cast, long haul travel, recent oestrogen therapy in last 2 weeks, IV device such as cannula.
Chronic predisposing factors: Inherited: Protein C, S, antithrombin III [...]
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AFTB lecture notes - Acute asthma
CLINICAL RECOGNITION OF SEVERE OR CRITICAL ASTHMA
Severe asthma indicated by any one of (admit every patient with severe):
PEFR (or FEVI) >33≤50% predicted or best, or < 100 L/min (or I L for FEVI).
Unable to complete sentences in one breath.
Respiratory Rate ≥ 25 / min.
Pulse > 120 / min (≥110 / min [...]
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STATUS EPILEPTICUS (SE)
DEFINITION
Synonyms: overt, geneneralised tonic-clinic, major motor SE
Defined as a seizure lasting over 5 mins, or two or more seizures without recovery in between.
AETIOLOGY (ADULTS)
Idiopathic (24-38%).
If known epileptic, inadequate/ceased medication most common single cause.
Remote symptomatic (3-17%) - eg. prior CVA, head injury or cerebral palsy.
Progressive encephalopathy (5-15%) - eg. progressive neurological [...]
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